Abstract: Zionism: Zionist movement is a political Zionist movement that emerged in the nineteenth century to enable the establishment of a national homeland for the Jewish people in Palestine. After many different endeavours by many of the pioneers and leaders of the Zionist movement, the Zionist movement became a political ideology that supports the development, protection of Palestine and the State of Israel, and among them, the spiritual father of the Zionist movement, Theodor Herzl took Jewish historical support for the land of Palestine and reminded the Jews in every part of the world from his famous book that the Jews should immigrate to Palestine. Zionism initially appeared in Central and Eastern Europe as a national revival movement in the late nineteenth century, whether as a reaction to waves of new anti-Semitism or a result of the Haskalah or Jewish Enlightenment.Shortly thereafter, most of the movement’s leaders linked the main goal to establishing the desired homeland in Palestine, which was then a region controlled by the Ottoman Empire. The Zionist movement viewed this process as a gathering of exiles, and an attempt to put an end to the processes of displacement and persecution that characterized Jewish history by returning the Jewish people totheir historical homeland.

From 1897 AD to 1948 AD, the primary goal of the Zionist movement was to lay the foundation for a national homeland for the Jews in Palestine, and then strengthen it. In a unique change to the principle of self-determination, the lovers of Zion united in 1884 AD, and in 1897 AD the First Zionist Congress was organized. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a large number of Jews immigrated to early Ottoman Palestine and later Mandatory Palestine. At the same time, diplomatic attempts were made to gain global recognition and support. Since the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, Zionism has continued primarily to defend Israeland to address threats to its continued existence and security. Zionism has never been a unified movement and its leaders, parties and ideologies often diverged in order to achieve a common cultural and political goal as a result of growing anti-Semitism and the desire to return to the country of our ancestors.